Part 1 · Server Administration
Add a Swap File to a Small Server
Add a swap file to a small server and a memory spike stops killing your processes. fallocate reserves the file, mkswap formats it, swapon…
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Series: Maintain a Server
Part 2 · Server Administration
Deploy a Site With rsync
Deploy a site with rsync and every update becomes one repeatable command that copies only what changed. This tutorial covers -avz over SSH, --exclude…
Part 3 · Server Administration
Back Up a Server With tar and gzip
Back up a server with tar and gzip: one dated, compressed archive of the site's files, verified with -tzf, restore-tested with -xzf, and copied…
Part 4 · Server Administration
Run Scheduled Jobs With systemd Timers
systemd timers run scheduled jobs with a .timer/.service pair: OnCalendar sets the schedule, systemctl list-timers shows it, journalctl keeps the logs, and Persistent=true catches…
Part 5 · Server Administration
Analyze Apache Access Logs From the Terminal
Analyze Apache access logs from the terminal with awk, sort, uniq and grep: top client IPs, most-requested URLs, status-code counts and 404 hunts —…